#1 Endocrine system (form five chp 3)

ASSALAMUALAIKUM.. =)


I'm now in my mood to write about chapter 3 Biology form five - Coordination and Response.
But, I will write only for the part of endocrine system because the nervous system in this chapter is quite simple. =)
I'm using the reference book-SUCCESS BIOLOGY OXFORD FAJAR.

by the way, if what I write are not the same as what your teacher told you, please follow your teacher because she or he is a teacher and I'm not. =)
Okay, let us begin?


# THE HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS, THE HORMONES SECRETED AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.

6 Gland that you need to know :

1) Pituitary Gland.
2) Thyroid Gland
3) Adrenal Gland
4) Pancrease
5) Ovaries
6) Testes

(1) PITUITARY GLAND

  Tengok gambar ni.

Dan ini

Cuma perhatikan HYPOTHALAMUS, POSTERIOR PITUITARY dan ANTERIOR PITUITARY.
yang lain tak perlu.

And the simple one.

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

-secrete Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

ADH :
Target - Kidney tubules
Function - Stimulate reabsorption of water from collecting tubule (in kidney)

For Oxytocin, it has certain functions. You can refer in your books. But I don't want to stress on it because it does not exist in the text book ( for the year 2012). I don't know for the new text book in Malay. =)



ANTERIOR PITUITARY

- secrete :
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) :
Target - Ovaries and Testes.
Function - Stimulate the development of follicle in the ovary of female.
              - Stimulate spermatogenesis in males.

Luteinising Hormone (LH) :
Target - Ovaries and Testes.
Function - Stimulate ovulation, development of corpus luteum and secretion of oestrogen and progesterone in females.
              - Stimulate the secretion of sex hormone (testosterone) in males
        
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target - Thyroid Gland
Function - Stimulate the thyroid gland to release thyroxine.

Growth Hormone (GH)
Target - Bones and tissues
Function - Stimulate protein synthesis and growth.

Adrenocorticotrophic  Hormone (ACTH) - no in text book  
Prolactin (PRL) - no in text book.


Thus in short, Pituitary Gland secrete
1.Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
2.Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
3.Luteinising Hormone (LH)
4.Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
5.Growth Hormone (GH)



(2) THYROID GLAND

secrete :
 Thyroxine - Function : - Regulate body metabolism
                                   - Regulate growth and development
                                   - Increase body temperature.




(3) ADRENAL GLAND

Cross section of adrenal gland

Adrenal gland have two parts that are adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.

ADRENAL CORTEX

secrete Aldosterone 
Function : - Regulate the reabsorption of sodium ion / mineral salts in kidney.


ADRENAL MEDULLA

secrete Adrenaline and noradrenaline
Function :- Increase heartbeat, breathing rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, blood flow to the muscle and glucose level.



(4) PANCREASE 

secrete:
Insulin - convert excess glucose to glycogen.
Glucagon - convert glycogen to glucose.



(5) OVARIES

secrete :
Oestrogen - stimulate development of the female secondary sexual characteristic and maturation of ova.
                - Promotes repair of the uterine lining.
Progesterone - stimulate the development of uterine lining for implantation and formation of the placenta.
                     - Inhibits ovulation.




(6) TESTES

secrete Androgen ( example : testosterone)
Function : - Stimulate the development of the male secondary sexual characteristic and spermatogenesis.



Thank you. see you in the next part ( kalau rajin =p)
Assalamualaikum.